vSphere6 is sold per processor/socket
No limit on CPU, RAM, or number of VMs
Free vSphere - vSphere Hypervisor
Compare vSphere and vSphere with Operations Management Editions
VMware vSphere 5.x and 6.x Configuration Maximums (external)
Configuration Maximums - vSphere 6.0 (VMware)
vCenter Server Maximums (Tests, 3rd Party)
VMware ESXi/ESX Configuration Maximums (VMware)
vSphere 6 Host Scalability
Cluster VM maximum > 64 nodes per cluster & 8,000 virtual machines
480 physical CPUs, 12TB of RAM, 1,000 virtual machines per host
vmx-11 - 128 vCPUs, 4TB RAM
VMware vSphere 6 Editions Overview
vCenter Server 6.0 requirements for installation
vCenter Server for Windows Hardware Requirements
64-bit OS - Windows Server 2008R2 or newer
64-bit DNS to connect to external database (builtin DB up to 20 hosts / 200 VMs), needs Native SQL Client - sqlncli.msi
VMware vSphere 6 Documentation
vCenter Server for Windows Requirements
vCenter Server for Windows Pre-Install Checks
Manage Web Client Plug-ins - https://<vcenter>/mob and log in with administrator@vsphere.local credentials
Perform a Scripted Installation of ESXi
- Kickstart (ks.cfg) script can be used to automate installation and configuration of ESXi
- Script must be stored on FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, NFS shared, USB Flash drive, or CD/DVD
- Kickstart scripted install script can be initiated by using Shift-O or when performing a PXE boot
ks=nfs://<IP Address>/<volume>/ks.cfq
(example: ks=nfs://192.168.8.12/storage1/ks.cfg ip=192.168.8.91 netnask=255.255.255.0)
Deploying ESXi 5.x using the Scripted Install feature
List of Available Host Management Commands (vCLI)
Configuring advanced options for ESXi/ESX
VMware now recommends using vCSA instead of vCenter for Windows. Both have the same limits i.e.
Hosts per vCenter Server - 1000
Powered on VMs per vCenter - 10 000
Hosts per Cluster - 64
VMs per Cluster - 8000
vCSA requires DNS Host(A) & PTR records i.e. forward & reverse lookup working
Minimum requirements for the VMware vCenter Server 6.x Appliance
LACP Support on a vSphere Distributed Switch
^ Physical switches must also be configured for dynamic link aggregation ^
Standard switch & dvPortGroup security
- Promiscuous Mode
> Reject - vNICs only receive traffic bound for their Ethernet MAC (default)
> Accept - vNICs receive all traffic traversing the port group (or switch with vSS) [handy for WireShark, etc.]
Note: Better option is port mirroring - How to use Port-Mirroring feature of VDS for monitoring virtual machine traffic
- MAC Address Changes (for example NLB Clusters)
> Reject - the initial vNIC MAC is the MAC that can use that switch port
> Accept - the Guest OS in the VM can change the Ethernet MAC
Rejecting VMware MAC Address Changes Explained
- Forged Transmits
> Reject - the effective vNIC MAC is the only MAC that can use that switch port
> Accept - the Guest OS in the VM can send frames with Ethernet MACs, other than the effective VM MAC (Nested Virtualisation)
How The VMware Forged Transmits Security Policy Works
TSO - TCP Segmentation Offload
Understanding TCP Segmentation Offload (TSO) and Large Receive Offload (LRO) in a VMware environment
TCP Segmentation Offload (vSphere 6 Documentation)
Enabling TSO in a Windows virtual machine
Command to see whether TSO is enabled: esxcli network nic tso get
Enable / Check TSO on the ESX host
Select Host > Manage Tab > Advanced System Settings > Use filter Net.Use - see settings NetUseHwTSO & NetUseHwTSO6
Storage Options
- Local-VMFS
- Network attached storage (NAS / File)
- NFS
- Storage area network (SAN / Block) - iSCSI (VMFS)
- Storage area network (SAN / Block) - Fibre Channel (FC) / FCoE
- VMware Virtual Volumes (VVOL)
- VMware Virtual SAN (VSAN)
Naming conventions
- SCSI Inquiry - naa.number, t10.number, eui.number
- Path Based - mpx.path
- Legacy vml.number
Understanding Storage Device Naming
Command: esxcli storage core device list | more
VSAN - minimum 3 hosts with combination of SSD & HDD (or SSD only)
VMware Virtual SAN 6.0 Requirements
VSAN – Installation
How to capture performance statistics using VSAN Observer
Virtual Volumes - VVOLS - vSphere Virtual Volumes Getting Started Guide
VMware vSphere Virtual Volumes - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Requires VASA 2.0 Provider
Migration from VMFS to VVOL is done with svMotion
Terms to know: Storage provider (SP), Vendor provider (VP), or VASA provider, Storage container (SC), Protocol endpoint (PE)
Compare / Contrast Supported NFS Versions
- Ensure that your NFS server is compatible with your version of vSphere
- vSphere supports NFS 3 and NFS 4.1 in vSphere 6 (with some limitations)
- Ensure that your NFS export is shared with one of these versions (but not both)
- NFS 3 and 4.1 datastores cannot coexist on the same ESXi host
- You cannot upgrade a NFS datastorefrom NFS 3 to NFS 4.1
VMware Virtual Appliance Marketplace
Nostalgia ovf | VMware Communities
Files Used by Virtual Machines
Enhanced vMotion Compatibility (EVC) processor support
How to enable EVC in vCenter Server
Long Distance vMotion requirements in VMware vSphere 6.0
Permanent Device Loss (PDL) and All-Paths-Down (APD) in vSphere 5.x and 6.x
FT(Fault Tolerance) Requirements
- vSphere Enterprise Plus (4 x vCPU) OR Standard/Enterprise (2 x vCPU)
- Supported servers and CPUs
- Hosts in a HA cluster
- Shared storage
- Same vSphere build
- VMkernel adaptor with FT Logging enabled on ALL hosts in the HA cluster (10Gbps dedicated network recommended)
- FT-enabled VMs can only have up to 4 vCPUs (new in vSphere 6, 5.x only 1 vCPU)
Virtual Flash (vFRC) feature in vSphere 5.5
VMware vSphere Backup/Recovery Application (VDP)
- Included with vSphere
- Deployed as virtual appliance
- Offers file-level restore, direct to host restore, application-level restore, and automated backup verification
https://<ipaddress>:8543/vdp-configure
VDP Limitations
- Virtual only backup
- No tape option
- Each vCenter can have up to 20 VDP appliances and each can backup up to 400 VMs
Install VUM (VMware update manager from vCenter DVD), add as plugin in C# vSphere Client
ESXi Offline Bundle Download – To Upgrade ESXi
Patch ESXi 5.5 to ESXi 6.0
How to Install latest ESXi VMware Patch (Offline)
VMware ESXi Patch Tracker
Installing, Setting Up, and Using Update Manager Download Service (UMDS)
vSphere 6.0 Troubleshooting guide (PDF)
Troubleshooting with Logs (Log Locations & Descriptions)
Support Insider - VMware Top 20 KBs
Trending Issues: Installation problems with ESX/ESXi (2045134)
Troubleshooting an ESX/ESXi host installation failure (1003649)
Best practices to install or upgrade to VMware ESXi 6.0 (2109712)
VMware Compatibility Guide
Performance Best Practices for VMware vSphere 6.0
vRealize Operations / vCenter Operations - Understanding Badges
David Davis on vCenter Operations - All my posts on this blog can be found here
-------------
Advanced
-------------
log on with Putty > dcui << same as iLO to host
Role Based Access Control (RBAC) - 4 types of permissions
- Global Permissions, vCenter Server Permissions, vSphere.local Group Permissions & ESXi Local Host
Out of the box: Only 3 on ESXi host - Administrator, Read-only & No access
Permissions Application
Privilege > Role > vSphere Object < User / Group
- If an object inherits permissions from two parent objects, the permissions on one object are added to the permissions on the other object.
- Permissions applied on a child object always override permissions that are applied on a parent object
- If multiple group permissions are defined on the same object and a user belongs to two or more of those groups, two situations are possible:
> If no permission is defined for the user on that object, the user is assigned the set of privileges assigned to the groups for that object.
> If a permission is defined for the user on that object, the user's permission takes precedence over all group permissions.
Note: When you add a custom role and do not assign any privileges to it, the role is created as a Read Only role with three system-defined privileges: System.Anonymous, System.View, and System.Read.
How to download and install vCenter Server root certificates to avoid Web Browser certificate warnings (2108294)
vSphere Security Guide - ESXi 6.0 & vCenter Server 6.0
Hierarchical Inheritance of Permissions - page 116
Required Privileges for Common Tasks - page 127
Assigning Permissions for ESXi - page 164 - securing root,vpxuser,dcui user
Virtual Machine Interaction Privileges - page 251
Securing Virtual Machines - page 195
Prevent a Virtual Machine User or Process from Disconnecting Devices - page 203
vCenter Server Security Best Practices - page 187 & 188
Disable the Managed Object Browser (MOB) [gather information about the system] - page 137
Prevent Access to MOB (Managed Object Browser) - The Managed Object Browser is disabled by default in vSphere 6.0 (2108405)
Virtual Machine Security Best Practices
vSphere 6 Hardening Guide
VMware Security Hardening Guides
Configure VM Security Policies
- Use templates to deploy virtual machines
- Minimize use of virtual machine console
- Prevent virtual machines from taking over resources
- Disable unnecessary functions inside virtual machines
- Remove unnecessary hardware devices
- Disable unused display features
- Disable unexposed features
- Disable HGFS file transfers
- Disable copy/paste operations between guest OS and remote console
- Limit exposure of sensitive data copied to the Clipboard
- Restrict users from running commands within a virtual machine
- Prevent a virtual machine user or process from disconnecting devices
- Modify guest operating system variable memory limit
- Prevent guest OS process from sending configuration messages to the host
- Avoid using Independent Nonpersistent Disks
If you create a Global Security Group called ESX Admins in AD before joining host to the domain, the members will have admin access
Using the ESX Admins AD group with ESX/ESXi 4.1 and ESXi 5.x/6.x domain membership and user authentication (1025569)
Commands:
esxcli network firewall ruleset set -e true -r httpClient
esxcli network firewall ruleset list
cd /etc/vmware/firewall
ls
service.xml << list of services
chmod 644 service.xml
chmod +t service.xml
cat /myfile.xml » service.xml
move </ConfigRoot> at the end of service.xml
esxcli network firewall refresh OR localcli network firewall refresh
Join vCenter to Active Directory (AD) Domain
setspn -Q STS/<FQDN> - query AD for SPNs for STS (Security Token Service)
Format: setspn -S STS/hostname.domain.local domain\serviceaccount
Active Directory Identity Source Settings
Join the vCenter Server Appliance to an Active Directory Domain
Using Active Directory Integrated Windows Authentication with SSO 5.5
Creating and using a Service Principal Account in vCenter Single Sign-On 5.5 (2058298)
How to Join AD Domain in vCenter Server Appliance 6.0 (vCSA)
Service Principal Names (SPN) - A Basic Overview and Delegation
Note: Not all options are available when logging in to vCenter with AD Domain Credentials - SSO settings such as password policies are only available through administrator@vsphere.local account
To enable "Use Windows session authentication" option in the Web Client < install Client Integration Plugin
HA for PSC (Platform Services Controller)
Configuring Windows PSC 6.0 High Availability for vSphere 6.0 (2113085)
Configuring PSC 6.0 High Availability for vSphere 6.0 using vCenter Server 6.0 Appliance (2113315)
vCenter Certificates (PKI)
C:\Program Files\VMware\vCenter Server\vmcad and run certificate-manager.bat
How to use vSphere 6.0 Certificate Manager (2097936)
Replacing a vSphere 6.0 Machine SSL certificate with a Custom Certificate Authority Signed Certificate (2112277)
Configuring VMware vSphere 6.0 VMware Certificate Authority as a subordinate Certificate Authority (2112016)
Replace VMCA Root certificate with a CA signed certificate
Configure Load Balancing and Failover Policies
The Great vSwitch Debate – Part 3
The Great vSwitch Debate (Combined PDF)
VMware NIC Load Balancing and Teaming, the Math
vSphere Networking Rollback
VLAN configuration on virtual switches, physical switches, and virtual machines (1003806)
M
No limit on CPU, RAM, or number of VMs
Free vSphere - vSphere Hypervisor
Compare vSphere and vSphere with Operations Management Editions
VMware vSphere 5.x and 6.x Configuration Maximums (external)
Configuration Maximums - vSphere 6.0 (VMware)
vCenter Server Maximums (Tests, 3rd Party)
VMware ESXi/ESX Configuration Maximums (VMware)
vSphere 6 Host Scalability
Cluster VM maximum > 64 nodes per cluster & 8,000 virtual machines
480 physical CPUs, 12TB of RAM, 1,000 virtual machines per host
vmx-11 - 128 vCPUs, 4TB RAM
VMware vSphere 6 Editions Overview
vCenter Server 6.0 requirements for installation
vCenter Server for Windows Hardware Requirements
64-bit OS - Windows Server 2008R2 or newer
64-bit DNS to connect to external database (builtin DB up to 20 hosts / 200 VMs), needs Native SQL Client - sqlncli.msi
VMware vSphere 6 Documentation
vCenter Server for Windows Requirements
vCenter Server for Windows Pre-Install Checks
Manage Web Client Plug-ins - https://<vcenter>/mob and log in with administrator@vsphere.local credentials
Perform a Scripted Installation of ESXi
- Kickstart (ks.cfg) script can be used to automate installation and configuration of ESXi
- Script must be stored on FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, NFS shared, USB Flash drive, or CD/DVD
- Kickstart scripted install script can be initiated by using Shift-O or when performing a PXE boot
ks=nfs://<IP Address>/<volume>/ks.cfq
(example: ks=nfs://192.168.8.12/storage1/ks.cfg ip=192.168.8.91 netnask=255.255.255.0)
Deploying ESXi 5.x using the Scripted Install feature
List of Available Host Management Commands (vCLI)
Configuring advanced options for ESXi/ESX
VMware now recommends using vCSA instead of vCenter for Windows. Both have the same limits i.e.
Hosts per vCenter Server - 1000
Powered on VMs per vCenter - 10 000
Hosts per Cluster - 64
VMs per Cluster - 8000
vCSA requires DNS Host(A) & PTR records i.e. forward & reverse lookup working
Minimum requirements for the VMware vCenter Server 6.x Appliance
LACP Support on a vSphere Distributed Switch
^ Physical switches must also be configured for dynamic link aggregation ^
Standard switch & dvPortGroup security
- Promiscuous Mode
> Reject - vNICs only receive traffic bound for their Ethernet MAC (default)
> Accept - vNICs receive all traffic traversing the port group (or switch with vSS) [handy for WireShark, etc.]
Note: Better option is port mirroring - How to use Port-Mirroring feature of VDS for monitoring virtual machine traffic
- MAC Address Changes (for example NLB Clusters)
> Reject - the initial vNIC MAC is the MAC that can use that switch port
> Accept - the Guest OS in the VM can change the Ethernet MAC
Rejecting VMware MAC Address Changes Explained
- Forged Transmits
> Reject - the effective vNIC MAC is the only MAC that can use that switch port
> Accept - the Guest OS in the VM can send frames with Ethernet MACs, other than the effective VM MAC (Nested Virtualisation)
How The VMware Forged Transmits Security Policy Works
TSO - TCP Segmentation Offload
Understanding TCP Segmentation Offload (TSO) and Large Receive Offload (LRO) in a VMware environment
TCP Segmentation Offload (vSphere 6 Documentation)
Enabling TSO in a Windows virtual machine
Command to see whether TSO is enabled: esxcli network nic tso get
Enable / Check TSO on the ESX host
Select Host > Manage Tab > Advanced System Settings > Use filter Net.Use - see settings NetUseHwTSO & NetUseHwTSO6
Storage Options
- Local-VMFS
- Network attached storage (NAS / File)
- NFS
- Storage area network (SAN / Block) - iSCSI (VMFS)
- Storage area network (SAN / Block) - Fibre Channel (FC) / FCoE
- VMware Virtual Volumes (VVOL)
- VMware Virtual SAN (VSAN)
Naming conventions
- SCSI Inquiry - naa.number, t10.number, eui.number
- Path Based - mpx.path
- Legacy vml.number
Understanding Storage Device Naming
Command: esxcli storage core device list | more
VSAN - minimum 3 hosts with combination of SSD & HDD (or SSD only)
VMware Virtual SAN 6.0 Requirements
VSAN – Installation
How to capture performance statistics using VSAN Observer
Virtual Volumes - VVOLS - vSphere Virtual Volumes Getting Started Guide
VMware vSphere Virtual Volumes - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Requires VASA 2.0 Provider
Migration from VMFS to VVOL is done with svMotion
Terms to know: Storage provider (SP), Vendor provider (VP), or VASA provider, Storage container (SC), Protocol endpoint (PE)
Compare / Contrast Supported NFS Versions
NFS 3 | NFS 4.1 |
- Stateless (TCP and UDP) - Weak authentication - vSphere with NFS uses .lck files - Network-only multipathing & poor error recovery |
- Stateful (TCP only) - Strong Kerberos authentication - In-band, mandatory, server-side locking - Session trunking |
- Ensure that your NFS server is compatible with your version of vSphere
- vSphere supports NFS 3 and NFS 4.1 in vSphere 6 (with some limitations)
- Ensure that your NFS export is shared with one of these versions (but not both)
- NFS 3 and 4.1 datastores cannot coexist on the same ESXi host
- You cannot upgrade a NFS datastorefrom NFS 3 to NFS 4.1
VMFS 3 | VMFS 5 |
- Max extent 2TB - MBR Partition - ESX/ESXi 3,4,5,6 - File Limit 30K |
- Max extent 64TB - GPT Partition - ESi 5 and above only - File Limit 100K |
VMware Virtual Appliance Marketplace
Nostalgia ovf | VMware Communities
Files Used by Virtual Machines
Enhanced vMotion Compatibility (EVC) processor support
How to enable EVC in vCenter Server
Long Distance vMotion requirements in VMware vSphere 6.0
Permanent Device Loss (PDL) and All-Paths-Down (APD) in vSphere 5.x and 6.x
FT(Fault Tolerance) Requirements
- vSphere Enterprise Plus (4 x vCPU) OR Standard/Enterprise (2 x vCPU)
- Supported servers and CPUs
- Hosts in a HA cluster
- Shared storage
- Same vSphere build
- VMkernel adaptor with FT Logging enabled on ALL hosts in the HA cluster (10Gbps dedicated network recommended)
- FT-enabled VMs can only have up to 4 vCPUs (new in vSphere 6, 5.x only 1 vCPU)
Virtual Flash (vFRC) feature in vSphere 5.5
VMware vSphere Backup/Recovery Application (VDP)
- Included with vSphere
- Deployed as virtual appliance
- Offers file-level restore, direct to host restore, application-level restore, and automated backup verification
https://<ipaddress>:8543/vdp-configure
VDP Limitations
- Virtual only backup
- No tape option
- Each vCenter can have up to 20 VDP appliances and each can backup up to 400 VMs
Install VUM (VMware update manager from vCenter DVD), add as plugin in C# vSphere Client
ESXi Offline Bundle Download – To Upgrade ESXi
Patch ESXi 5.5 to ESXi 6.0
How to Install latest ESXi VMware Patch (Offline)
VMware ESXi Patch Tracker
Installing, Setting Up, and Using Update Manager Download Service (UMDS)
vSphere 6.0 Troubleshooting guide (PDF)
Troubleshooting with Logs (Log Locations & Descriptions)
Support Insider - VMware Top 20 KBs
Trending Issues: Installation problems with ESX/ESXi (2045134)
Troubleshooting an ESX/ESXi host installation failure (1003649)
Best practices to install or upgrade to VMware ESXi 6.0 (2109712)
VMware Compatibility Guide
Performance Best Practices for VMware vSphere 6.0
vRealize Operations / vCenter Operations - Understanding Badges
David Davis on vCenter Operations - All my posts on this blog can be found here
-------------
Advanced
-------------
log on with Putty > dcui << same as iLO to host
Role Based Access Control (RBAC) - 4 types of permissions
- Global Permissions, vCenter Server Permissions, vSphere.local Group Permissions & ESXi Local Host
Out of the box: Only 3 on ESXi host - Administrator, Read-only & No access
Permissions Application
Privilege > Role > vSphere Object < User / Group
- If an object inherits permissions from two parent objects, the permissions on one object are added to the permissions on the other object.
- Permissions applied on a child object always override permissions that are applied on a parent object
- If multiple group permissions are defined on the same object and a user belongs to two or more of those groups, two situations are possible:
> If no permission is defined for the user on that object, the user is assigned the set of privileges assigned to the groups for that object.
> If a permission is defined for the user on that object, the user's permission takes precedence over all group permissions.
Note: When you add a custom role and do not assign any privileges to it, the role is created as a Read Only role with three system-defined privileges: System.Anonymous, System.View, and System.Read.
How to download and install vCenter Server root certificates to avoid Web Browser certificate warnings (2108294)
vSphere Security Guide - ESXi 6.0 & vCenter Server 6.0
Hierarchical Inheritance of Permissions - page 116
Required Privileges for Common Tasks - page 127
Assigning Permissions for ESXi - page 164 - securing root,vpxuser,dcui user
Virtual Machine Interaction Privileges - page 251
Securing Virtual Machines - page 195
Prevent a Virtual Machine User or Process from Disconnecting Devices - page 203
vCenter Server Security Best Practices - page 187 & 188
Disable the Managed Object Browser (MOB) [gather information about the system] - page 137
Prevent Access to MOB (Managed Object Browser) - The Managed Object Browser is disabled by default in vSphere 6.0 (2108405)
Virtual Machine Security Best Practices
vSphere 6 Hardening Guide
VMware Security Hardening Guides
Configure VM Security Policies
- Use templates to deploy virtual machines
- Minimize use of virtual machine console
- Prevent virtual machines from taking over resources
- Disable unnecessary functions inside virtual machines
- Remove unnecessary hardware devices
- Disable unused display features
- Disable unexposed features
- Disable HGFS file transfers
- Disable copy/paste operations between guest OS and remote console
- Limit exposure of sensitive data copied to the Clipboard
- Restrict users from running commands within a virtual machine
- Prevent a virtual machine user or process from disconnecting devices
- Modify guest operating system variable memory limit
- Prevent guest OS process from sending configuration messages to the host
- Avoid using Independent Nonpersistent Disks
If you create a Global Security Group called ESX Admins in AD before joining host to the domain, the members will have admin access
Using the ESX Admins AD group with ESX/ESXi 4.1 and ESXi 5.x/6.x domain membership and user authentication (1025569)
Commands:
esxcli network firewall ruleset set -e true -r httpClient
esxcli network firewall ruleset list
cd /etc/vmware/firewall
ls
service.xml << list of services
chmod 644 service.xml
chmod +t service.xml
cat /myfile.xml » service.xml
move </ConfigRoot> at the end of service.xml
esxcli network firewall refresh OR localcli network firewall refresh
Join vCenter to Active Directory (AD) Domain
setspn -Q STS/<FQDN> - query AD for SPNs for STS (Security Token Service)
Format: setspn -S STS/hostname.domain.local domain\serviceaccount
Active Directory Identity Source Settings
Join the vCenter Server Appliance to an Active Directory Domain
Using Active Directory Integrated Windows Authentication with SSO 5.5
Creating and using a Service Principal Account in vCenter Single Sign-On 5.5 (2058298)
How to Join AD Domain in vCenter Server Appliance 6.0 (vCSA)
Service Principal Names (SPN) - A Basic Overview and Delegation
Note: Not all options are available when logging in to vCenter with AD Domain Credentials - SSO settings such as password policies are only available through administrator@vsphere.local account
To enable "Use Windows session authentication" option in the Web Client < install Client Integration Plugin
HA for PSC (Platform Services Controller)
Configuring Windows PSC 6.0 High Availability for vSphere 6.0 (2113085)
Configuring PSC 6.0 High Availability for vSphere 6.0 using vCenter Server 6.0 Appliance (2113315)
vCenter Certificates (PKI)
C:\Program Files\VMware\vCenter Server\vmcad and run certificate-manager.bat
How to use vSphere 6.0 Certificate Manager (2097936)
Replacing a vSphere 6.0 Machine SSL certificate with a Custom Certificate Authority Signed Certificate (2112277)
Configuring VMware vSphere 6.0 VMware Certificate Authority as a subordinate Certificate Authority (2112016)
Replace VMCA Root certificate with a CA signed certificate
Configure Load Balancing and Failover Policies
The Great vSwitch Debate – Part 3
The Great vSwitch Debate (Combined PDF)
VMware NIC Load Balancing and Teaming, the Math
vSphere Networking Rollback
VLAN configuration on virtual switches, physical switches, and virtual machines (1003806)
M