| 
Hyper-V (New features)
- Hyper-V Replica - asynchronous replica of VMs between two servers.
» Encryption; No shared storage requirements; Supports manual failover (hot spare)
- Hyper-V PowerShell module - metering is available through PS only
- QoS Bandwidth management (service levels)
- NUMA (non uniform memory access) support - Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V & NUMA
- Virtual Fibre Channel
- Live migration (direct competitor to vMotion) - depends on CSV (cluster shared volume)
Hyper-V replica - Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V Replica in Detail
- 2 data centres; disaster recovery site, etc.
- Primary/Replica site (inbound/outbound targets)
- No need for clustering and shared storage
- Replication occurs every 5-15 minutes
- Works with failover clustering
- Planned failover: copy delta to replica site, then shut down primary VM
Server to Server Migration (Quick migration and Live Migration)
- Moving VM from one Hyper-V server to another
- Quick migration involves downtime; so it's there for backward compatibility only
- Live Migration works with failover clustering
» Live migration means that the VM client connections experience no interruptions
- Shared Nothing LM (Live migration): No clustering required
- Can selectively migrate storage and/or memory
Import / Export VMs - Export and Import of VMs in Hyper-V (Windows Server 2012)
- Transfer VMs between Hyper-V servers - Create PIT (point in time) backups of VMs
- Export options:
» Just a snapshot => PIT restore (no snapshots with it)
» VM+snapshot => Entire VM
- VM movement options:
» Live migration
» Move VM data to single or multiple locations
Virtual Machine Storage Options
- new VHD format VHDX - XML-related HD format (up to 64TB) - Server 2012 also supports VHD
- SMB / CIFS 3.0 - Windows Server 2012, File Servers and SMB 3.0 – Simpler and Easier by Design
- Pass-Through disks - VM directly connected to storage mapped to Hyper-V server
» Disk must be offline from Hyper-V perspective
- VM snapshots; differencing disks
Virtual Machine Settings
- Dynamic memory: Flexible RAM allotment
- Smart paging: Assists in VM startups - MS term reliable restart feature
- Resource metering (important in hosted / multi-tenancy environment)
» Metrics: CPU Usage, RAM usage, Disk, Network; PowerShell only interface
- CredSSP vs Kerberos - Configure and Use Live Migration on Non-clustered Virtual Machines
- PS Enable-VMResourceMetering -vmname <name of VM>; measure-vm -vmname <vm>
» $myreport = measure-vm -vmname <VM_name>; $myreport | format--list
Hyper-V Virtual Hard Disk Format Overview
Hyper-V Virtual Switches
- Switches are Layer 2 devices - need router to span subnets (VLANs)
- External: Guest appears on host's network
- Internal: Communication between host and guest only
- Private: Communication only between guest VMs
- Virtual switches support extensions - Hyper-V virtual switch extensions
» NDIS (Network Driver Interface Specification) capture; Windows filtering
Virtual Switch Terminology - Understanding Networking with Hyper-V
Hyper-V New networking features
- Network virtualisation: Good for hosted scenarios (IaaS)
- Bandwidth management: VM QoS
- NIC teaming: Virtual adapter can be part of a team
- DHCP guard: drops DHCP messages from VMs that act as unauthorised DHCP servers
- Router guard: drops advertisements from VMs that act as unauthorised routers
Network Virtualisation - Windows Server® 2012 Hyper-V Network Virtualization Survival Guide
- IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) scenarios
- Run multiple VMs from different customers on a single physical Hyper-V server
- Run multiple networks on a single physical fabric
- Each virtual network operates independently
- Customer IP address vs Provider IP address (separate IP addressing schemes)
- Configured via NetWNV PowerShell module
- Port mirroring: Copy incoming and outgoing packets to another VM for monitoring / debugging
- Single-root I/O virtualisation (SR-IOV) - Increased Network Performance using SR-IOV in Server 2012
» Multiple VMs can access host's NIC directly
» Need to install vendor drivers in guest
» Enabled both on server and in VM
» Bypass virtual switch => faster throughput
Hyper-V Network performance Best Practices
- use switch-independent NIC teaming to ward against NIC and/or switch failure
- Ensure QoS with VM bandwidth management
- Network virtualisation is "easier" to configure than deploying VLANs on swich fabric
- VM queue: Configured on host NIC that uses hw-based packet filtering to send network traffic directly to VM
- Microsoft recommends to deploy at least one NIC for the server's own use (not bound to v-switch)
Windows 8
- almost fully featured Hyper-V 3.0 in Enterprise edition
» Add/Remove programs (Programs and features) - Turn Windows features on or off - select Hyper-V
- Start menu - Windows 8 Start Menu
- open Network Connections - run ncpa.cpl
- Hyper-V Replica - asynchronous replica of VMs between two servers.
» Encryption; No shared storage requirements; Supports manual failover (hot spare)
- Hyper-V PowerShell module - metering is available through PS only
- QoS Bandwidth management (service levels)
- NUMA (non uniform memory access) support - Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V & NUMA
- Virtual Fibre Channel
- Live migration (direct competitor to vMotion) - depends on CSV (cluster shared volume)
Hyper-V replica - Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V Replica in Detail
- 2 data centres; disaster recovery site, etc.
- Primary/Replica site (inbound/outbound targets)
- No need for clustering and shared storage
- Replication occurs every 5-15 minutes
- Works with failover clustering
- Planned failover: copy delta to replica site, then shut down primary VM
Server to Server Migration (Quick migration and Live Migration)
- Moving VM from one Hyper-V server to another
- Quick migration involves downtime; so it's there for backward compatibility only
- Live Migration works with failover clustering
» Live migration means that the VM client connections experience no interruptions
- Shared Nothing LM (Live migration): No clustering required
- Can selectively migrate storage and/or memory
Import / Export VMs - Export and Import of VMs in Hyper-V (Windows Server 2012)
- Transfer VMs between Hyper-V servers - Create PIT (point in time) backups of VMs
- Export options:
» Just a snapshot => PIT restore (no snapshots with it)
» VM+snapshot => Entire VM
- VM movement options:
» Live migration
» Move VM data to single or multiple locations
Virtual Machine Storage Options
- new VHD format VHDX - XML-related HD format (up to 64TB) - Server 2012 also supports VHD
- SMB / CIFS 3.0 - Windows Server 2012, File Servers and SMB 3.0 – Simpler and Easier by Design
- Pass-Through disks - VM directly connected to storage mapped to Hyper-V server
» Disk must be offline from Hyper-V perspective
- VM snapshots; differencing disks
Virtual Machine Settings
- Dynamic memory: Flexible RAM allotment
- Smart paging: Assists in VM startups - MS term reliable restart feature
- Resource metering (important in hosted / multi-tenancy environment)
» Metrics: CPU Usage, RAM usage, Disk, Network; PowerShell only interface
- CredSSP vs Kerberos - Configure and Use Live Migration on Non-clustered Virtual Machines
- PS Enable-VMResourceMetering -vmname <name of VM>; measure-vm -vmname <vm>
» $myreport = measure-vm -vmname <VM_name>; $myreport | format--list
Hyper-V Virtual Hard Disk Format Overview
Hyper-V Virtual Switches
- Switches are Layer 2 devices - need router to span subnets (VLANs)
- External: Guest appears on host's network
- Internal: Communication between host and guest only
- Private: Communication only between guest VMs
- Virtual switches support extensions - Hyper-V virtual switch extensions
» NDIS (Network Driver Interface Specification) capture; Windows filtering
Virtual Switch Terminology - Understanding Networking with Hyper-V
Hyper-V New networking features
- Network virtualisation: Good for hosted scenarios (IaaS)
- Bandwidth management: VM QoS
- NIC teaming: Virtual adapter can be part of a team
- DHCP guard: drops DHCP messages from VMs that act as unauthorised DHCP servers
- Router guard: drops advertisements from VMs that act as unauthorised routers
Network Virtualisation - Windows Server® 2012 Hyper-V Network Virtualization Survival Guide
- IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) scenarios
- Run multiple VMs from different customers on a single physical Hyper-V server
- Run multiple networks on a single physical fabric
- Each virtual network operates independently
- Customer IP address vs Provider IP address (separate IP addressing schemes)
- Configured via NetWNV PowerShell module
- Port mirroring: Copy incoming and outgoing packets to another VM for monitoring / debugging
- Single-root I/O virtualisation (SR-IOV) - Increased Network Performance using SR-IOV in Server 2012
» Multiple VMs can access host's NIC directly
» Need to install vendor drivers in guest
» Enabled both on server and in VM
» Bypass virtual switch => faster throughput
Hyper-V Network performance Best Practices
- use switch-independent NIC teaming to ward against NIC and/or switch failure
- Ensure QoS with VM bandwidth management
- Network virtualisation is "easier" to configure than deploying VLANs on swich fabric
- VM queue: Configured on host NIC that uses hw-based packet filtering to send network traffic directly to VM
- Microsoft recommends to deploy at least one NIC for the server's own use (not bound to v-switch)
Windows 8
- almost fully featured Hyper-V 3.0 in Enterprise edition
» Add/Remove programs (Programs and features) - Turn Windows features on or off - select Hyper-V
- Start menu - Windows 8 Start Menu
- open Network Connections - run ncpa.cpl